树脂基复合材料的力学性能

  力学性能是材料最重要的性能。树脂基复合材料具有比强度高、比模量大、抗疲劳性能好等优点,用于承力结构的树脂基复合材料利用的是它的这种优良的力学性能,而利用各种物理、化学和生物功能的功能复合材料,在制造和使用过程中,也必须考虑其力学性能,以保证产品的质量和使用寿命。
  1、树脂基复合材料的刚度
  树脂基复合材料的刚度特性由组分材料的性质、增强材料的取向和所占的体积分数决定。树脂基复合材料的力学研究表明,对于宏观均匀的树脂基复合材料,弹性特性复合是一种混合效应,表现为各种形式的混合律,它是组分材料刚性在某种意义上的平均,界面缺陷对它作用不是明显。
  由于制造工艺、随机因素的影响,在实际复合材料中不可避免地存在各种不均匀性和不连续性,残余应力、空隙、裂纹、界面结合不完善等都会影响到材料的弹性性能。此外,纤维(粒子)的外形、规整性、分布均匀性也会影响材料的弹性性能。但总体而言,树脂基复合材料的刚度是相材料稳定的宏观反映。
  对于树脂基复合材料的层合结构,基于单层的不同材质和性能及铺层的方向可出现耦合变形,使得刚度分析变得复杂。另一方面,也可以通过对单层的弹性常数(包括弹性模量和泊松比)进行设计,进而选择铺层方向、层数及顺序对层合结构的刚度进行设计,以适应不同场合的应用要求。
  2、树脂基复合材料的强度
  材料的强度首先和破坏联系在一起。树脂基复合材料的破坏是一个动态的过程,且破坏模式复杂。各组分性能对破坏的作用机理、各种缺陷对强度的影响,均有街于具体深入研究。
  树脂基复合材强度的复合是一种协同效应,从组分材料的性能和树脂基复合材料本身的细观结构导出其强度性质。对于最简单的情形,即单向树脂基复合材料的强度和破坏的细观力学研究,还不够成熟。
  单向树脂基复合材料的轴向拉、压强度不等,轴向压缩问题比拉伸问题复杂。其破坏机理也与拉伸不同,它伴随有纤维在基体中的局部屈曲。实验得知:单向树脂基复合材料在轴向压缩下,碳纤维是剪切破坏的;凯芙拉(Kevlar)纤维的破坏模式是扭结;玻璃纤维一般是弯曲破坏。
  单向树脂基复合材料的横向拉伸强度和压缩强度也不同。实验表明,横向压缩强度是横向拉伸强度的4~7倍。横向拉伸的破坏模式是基体和界面破坏,也可能伴随有纤维横向拉裂;横向压缩的破坏是因基体破坏所致,大体沿45°斜面剪坏,有时伴随界面破坏和纤维压碎。单向树脂基复合材料的面内剪切破坏是由基体和界面剪切所致,这些强度数值的估算都需依靠实验。
  杂乱短纤维增强树脂基复合材料尽管不具备单向树脂基复合材料轴向上的高强度,但在横向拉、压性能方面要比单向树脂基复合材料好得多,在破坏机理方面具有自己的特点:编织纤维增强树脂基复合材料在力学处理上可近似看作两层的层合材料,但在疲劳、损伤、破坏的微观机理上要更加复杂。
  树脂基复合材料强度性质的协同效应还表现在层合材料的层合效应及混杂复合材料的混杂效应上。在层合结构中,单层表现出来的潜在强度与单独受力的强度不同,如0/90/0层合拉伸所得90°层的横向强度是其单层单独实验所得横向拉伸强度的2~3倍;面内剪切强度也是如此,这一现象称为层合效应。
  树脂基复合材料强度问题的复杂性来自可能的各向异性和不规则的分布,诸如通常的环境效应,也来自上面提及的不同的破坏模式,而且同一材料在不同的条件和不同的环境下,断裂有可能按不同的方式进行。这些包括基体和纤维(粒子)的结构的变化,例如由于局部的薄弱点、空穴、应力集中引起的效应。除此之外,界面粘结的性质和强弱、堆积的密集性、纤维的搭接、纤维末端的应力集中、裂缝增长的干扰以及塑性与弹性响应的差别等都有一定的影响。

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Of the most important

Of the most important mechanical properties of the material performance. Resin-based composite material has higher specific strength than the modulus, fatigue resistance and good performance, for load-bearing structure of the resin-based composite material is its use of such security analyst training excellent mechanical properties, while using a variety of physical, chemical, and biological functions of the functional composite materials, in the manufacture and use of the process, we must also consider the mechanical properties, in order to ensure product quality and service life.

1, resin-based composite stiffness
Resin-based composite material stiffness by the component nature of the material to enhance the share of materials, orientation and volume fraction of the decision server+. Resin-based composite mechanical studies have shown that for the macro-uniform resin-based composite materials, elastic characteristics of composites is a mixed effect, manifested in various forms of mixed law, it is the component materials, rigid in a sense of the average, interface, its effect is not obvious flaws.

Because of the manufacturing process, random factors, the actual composite material that inevitably exist in a variety of non-uniformity and non-continuity, residual stress, gaps, cracks, imperfections such as interface bonding will affect the elastic properties of the material tcp certification. In addition, the fiber (particle) shape, regularity, uniformity will also affect the elastic properties of the material. Overall, however, resin-based composite materials, the stiffness is relative to the stable macroeconomic reflection.

For the resin-based composite laminated structure, based on the different single-ply material and the performance and the direction of coupling deformation can occur, making the stiffness complicate the analysis. On the other hand, it can be achieved by single-layer elastic constants (teradata training) for the design, shop floor and then choose the direction of laminated layers and the order in which the rigidity of the structure is designed to accommodate the application of different occasions requirements.